site located at:
http://h-minus-ion.vpinf.com

The negative hydrogen ion, also called the hydride ion, was until recently considered to be primarily the province of plasma physicists.  This form of hydrogen, where the atom bears an extra electron (thus giving it a negative charge and creating a negative ion) was thought to be extremely short-lived on the surface of the earth at standard pressures and temperatures (STP), and rather, it was considered to primarily exist, at least for any lifetime beyond a few naonseconds, in plasmas in the laboratory and in the interior of stars (including our sun.)  For those who may have just done a double-take, and may now be wondering exactly what a plasma is, a plasma is essentially a very hot gas which emits a glow.  The gas may be heated by ionizing radiation and radiative transfer (imagine the heat emanating from a hot iron), as in the outer atmosphere of a star, or it may be heated by a flow of electric current through it (think here of sparks or arcs, or a corona discharge), as in a fluorescent bulb.

The H-minus ion (another name for this ion) has, in the past ten years, been found to be quite plentiful in the earth's interior and even on the surface of the earth.  Perhaps even more surprisingly, although there have been hints of this phenomenon in the literature of biochemistry since at least 1937, the H-minus ion (or H- ion) also plays a critical role in all known life forms on earth.  It act as both an energy carrier (providing "energy currency") and as an antioxidant in numerous biological systems.  In its antioxidant role, this ion functions as a powerful primal, primitive, primeval, primordial and primary antioxidant found in all raw, unprocessed foods (plant and animal) and in many "wild" unprocessed, untreated water sources in the biosphere (the area around the surface of the planet where life exists.)  Some sources of water which contain the H-minus ion are glacial runoff water, high altitude lakes, wells and springs and some deep wells where the aquifer has been stable over millennia. 

It appears that this tiny and lightweight ion was the original antioxidant for all life forms on earth, and is likely the single most optimal antioxidant for life forms even today.  However, this ion is rather fragile in our biosphere, and it is easily driven off or destroyed by processing, bleaching, blanching, or heat.  It appears that our ancestors likely ingested a significant amount of this ion in their daily food and water intake, while we modern ("civilized") folk often receive very little in our diets. 

This article describes primarily the antioxidant properties of the primal antioxidant (aka the primeval antioxidant), the negative hydrogen ion (H- ion) -- found in ionized (reduced) alkaline water (also called Electrolyzed Reduced Water or ERW) and in Microhydrin®.  This page also describes foods and other nutrients (as well as supplements) which contain the H ^- primitive (primal) antioxidant.

The negative hydrogen ion has been known to science for about 100 years, if not longer.  Early in the 20th century Karl Langmuir, the luminary and "father" of modern inorganic chemistry, investigated, among other things, the occurrence of atomic hydrogen and the negative hydrogen ion in nature and in a flame, and offered some observations on the degree of dissociation of H2 gas (the stable form) at standard temperature and pressure (STP, often commonly thought of as "room temperature and sea level air pressure") into atomic hydrogen (H or singlet H) and the H- ion as well as higher temperatures.  He observed that the amount of dissociation of H2 to H and H- at STP was incredibly small, and increased drastically as temperature was increased.  It has since been discovered that the occurrence and stability of the H-minus ion on Earth at STP is far more common than Langmuir may have guessed, although it will almost always be found hidden lattices of crystals, loosely bound in structural hydrides, or more tightly bound in chemical (ionic) hydrides or even in organic chemicals (e.g., d-alpha-tocopherol,  NADH)

The negative hydrogen ion appears in the literature (popular, industrial, health-related and scientific) under a variety of names and acronyms; some of the more common ones follow:

hydride ion

negative hydrogen ion

reduced hydrogen

active hydrogen

singlet hydrogen

H-minus ion

H minus

H:- 

H:- ion 

H- ion

H ^- ion  (note superscripted[-])

H-

H ^- (note superscripted[-])

negatively-charged hydrogen ion

negative H ion

Please note also that in the Japanese-language articles and websites on nutritional antioxidants, they often ascribe the powerful and measurable antioxidant powers in glacial waters, holy waters from sacred healing sites, and in so-called alkaline ionized water (electrolyzed reduced water) to atomic hydrogen or singlet hydrogen instead. However, if you read more closely, you will discover that they tend to use those terms (atomic hydrogen and singlet hydrogen) rather interchangabley and malleably with many of the above terms, particularly active hydrogen and reduced hydrogen. 

In the latter half of the 20th century, it became apparent that the negative hydrogen ion ion was not as rare and short-lived in nature on our planet's surface as once thought.  Indeed, by the 1990s it became apparent the H-minus ion is ubiquitous in the biochemistry of life forms on earth, and essential to certain key biochemical reactions related to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in living organisms.  By the late 1990's, it became obvious that several common antioxidants found in plants and animals (Vitamin E among them) function as an antioxidant by acting as a transport vessel for the H- ion, donating it at the right time within living systems to neutralize any of several species of oxygen free radicals (oxidizing radicals), also known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurring in tissues or fluids in or around the cells.  It also became generally recognized by the late 1990s that the likely mechanism by which certain key energy-transport molecules in living systems were formed and subsequently regenerated after "being burned" (e.g. NAD conversion to NADH), was via donation of H- to the molecule by a donor molecule, the origins of which ultimately traced back to the energy liberated from sunlight during photosynthesis. 

In other words, hydrogen and the H- ion have emerged as the primary energy currency in living systems.  An excellent and simple example is the binary pair NAD and NADH.  NADH is well known as a powerful energy carrier in living systems, and to play a key part in the energy currency of most cells of many life forms, including those of humans, while NAD is its low-energy combustion product.  There are pathways in many organisms, including humans, which can, to a limited extent, recharge the NAD with an H- ion to convert it back to the high energy form of NADH.  Thus the NAD, as the low-energy state, serves as both a precursor to NADH and a combustion product of NADH.  As such, NAD can be visualized as the "ground state", and NADH as the high-energy state.  Indeed, a rather expensive nutritional supplement (ENADA, 40 tablets for about $50) has been available on the health food market for 10 years which supplies NADH in an active yet stable form, and this supplement has been shown in the literature to increase cellular energy levels and to reverse certain chronic diesases, along with some types of dementia, among other positive effects. 

Hydrogen and its H- ion as Energy Currency in Life Forms
The dialogue immediately preceding is of great interest, because it might be construed as suggesting that hydrogen, at least the H- ion, might be the primary energy currency of life.  Indeed, closer and deeper examination of the literature shows that this this idea is hardly new.  As early as the 1950's, Nobel Prize-winning biochemist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi proposed in a number of articles and books that hydrogen is the true energy currency of life, and is the true "currency" or carrier of energy in photosynthesis.  He stressed that this energy currency may be traced directly back to the sun, or more literally, to the energy contained in sunlight.  This is especially fascinating in light of the discovery of latter 20th century astronomy that much of the sun's atmosphere is composed of the H- ion.  In essence, one can see that hydrogen and its H- ion, located in the sun millions of miles away, donate energy in forms which allow photosynthetic organisms on earth to also liberate the H- ion from compounds which were initially at a lower energy state, and then bind and transport that H- ion as energy currency to support a wide range of life on earth.

• water and water vapor subjected to ionizing radiation
• deep aquifer water exposed to hydrogen gas (including H2, H+ion, H-ion, and atomic H) migrating from depistis of H2 at center of Earth (this is partially encompassed unde the Hydridic Theory of Geology-- plenty of info available on the web!)
• water (often deep aquifer or deep lake) exposed to the influence of "reducing" bacteria (e.g., opposite of oxidative decay bacteria) such as phototrophic organisms
• (high temperature) gas plasmas, such as found in:
• stellar interiors 
• flames
• plasmas and arcs formed by electrical discharge (these may be naturally-occuring or human-made)

• high-altitude mountain wells and springs
• high-altitude glacial runoff streams
• some deep wells in relatively stable geological formations
• some sources of moving water in open air (some rivers and creeks, etc.)
• living life forms such as plant and animals

high-altitude glaciers

high-altitude mountain wells and springs

high-altitude glacial runoff streams

some deep wells in relatively stable geological formations

some sources of moving water

Some sources of moving water, especially those in open air, such as some rivers and streams, exhibit significant amounts of the H-minus ion.  It appears that at least some of this accretion of H-minus ions is due to the passage of water through gradient elecric and magentic fields due, in part, to the earth's magnetic field, atmospheric and geological elecric fields, and fields induced by solar storms and other solar and cosmic phenomena.

life forms such as plant and animals

photosynthetic plants and other photosynthetic organisms
The primary, and likely sole, source of H- in most land-based vascular plants is simply photosynthesis, as noted above; some bacteria, mostly in the phototrophic family, also have this ability.  Many can also liberate H and it's ions even in the absence of light, if they are provided with an ample food source.  The H- ion has been noted to be relatively fragile when stored in both water and biological systems, and much of the content of atomic H and the H- ion of plant and animal tissue disappears upon consistent heating, as might be applied when humans cook and prepare plant and animal foods.

land-based and upper sea-based animals
Since the ultimate source of the food chain for all land-based animals and animals which inhabit the upper levels of the seas is photosynthetic plant (including algae) life, it is rather obvious that the primary source (notwithstanding some geological sources such as water) of H- in land animals is plant life.

Szent-Gyorgyi noticed that the H- ion seemed to occur in greater concentration in certain mammalian organs and tissues than in others. Briefly, he reported that the highest concentrations were found in the following tissues (listed in descending order proportional to amount of H-ion present):

• liver
• intestine
• kidney
• heart
• lung
• spleen
• (muscle)

deep-sea organisms and deep-geology organisms
One of the minor mysteries of modern biology has been the discovery of a multitude of life forms, often bacterial, which can and do exist in fissures deep within the earth and at the bottom of the deepest seas, often at rather high temperatures and pressures.  Indeed, some of the sea-floor organisms even exist at geothermal vents which spew hot gases or magma.  One of the mysteries here, aside from how the organisms survive the high pressures and high temperatures, has been how these organisms derive energy in the obvious complete absence of sunlight and the absence as well of any obvious organic food sources.  Studies conducted in the 1980s and later showed a high concentration of methane and other "organic" gases (from deep earth deposits) at many of these sites, and it appears that many of these organisms derive their energy by consuming complex hydrocarbons or simple hydrocarbons.  It has also been discovered that many deep sea organisms seem to employ a variety of clathrates in their tissues.  Clathrates are unique compounds which have been found to act as catalysts or facilitators for a wide variety of biochemical reactions, including some involved with the energy currency of the cell.  Further, clathrates can act as "cages" or chelating transporters for several substances. This author has theorized that clathrates may bestow a survival advantage upon deep-sea and deep-geology organisms by helping them to recover H- as energy currency from methane and other hydrocarbons, and perhaps even to scavenge H- directly from non-biological primitive hydrogen (H2, H and even H- ) seepage from deep in the earth.

So, aside from its role in the energy currency of living cells, H- is also a primary, primitive, primal and primeval antioxidant, and one could even argue that it is the only primary antioxidant and the only primitive antioxidant.  Why?  Well, it is the only effective antioxidant with powerful effects in living systems which is not formed only in life forms (e.g., green plants), but is also formed easily via purely physical means in the "outside world"; H- is formed easily in water, ice or moisture laden air (water vapor) via exposure to ionizing radiation, an electrical discharge (plasma or spark), or an electrical current in water strong enough to produce electrolysis.  This surely qualifies it as a primitive, primeval and  primal antioxidant, since it pre-dated the existence of life on earth.  Further, the incredibly tiny size of the H- ion, coupled with its extremely small mass qualifies it not only as the lightest and smallest of all known antioxidants, but also the most ubiquitous -- meaning that it can travel almost anywhere in biological systems (bodies, etc.) due to it's tiny mass and size.

Due to these factors, plus its incredible power as a reducing agent or antioxidant, several authors have posited that the H- ion is "the" primal antioxidant, and the candidate most likely to effectively neutralize most common oxygen free radicals (aka reactive oxygen species, or ROS) both within and outside the body.  For all of the above cited reasons, the H- ion has sometimes been labeled the "Paleolithic Antioxidant", the "Neanderthal Antioxidant" and the "primeval Antioxidant".

Additionally, anyone consuming relatively fresh, and unheated and untreated (and unfiltered) water from any of the following sources may also consume a significant amount of H- ions:

• high-altitude glacial runoff streams
• high-altitude mountain wells and springs
• some deep wells in relatively stable geological formations

intentional supplementation

H-minus ion in foods
Some folks decide to eliminate highly processed and heated foods from their diets, and instead, choose to incorporate large amounts of raw foods such as raw vegetative products (fruits, vegetables), and sometimes raw animal products (raw eggs, dairy, fish and meats) as well.  Some also choose to start drinking unprocessed and unfiltered water from natural deep aquifers.  The very act of switching to such a diet of raw, unprocessed foods drastically increases the availability of the H-minus ion in the daily intake.

H- ion donor supplements in liquid form

Water Ionizers
The most ubiquitous supplemental source of the H-minus ion for the past 45 years in Japan and past 15 years in the USA has been so-called "alkaline ionized water", also known as "microwater",  from kitchen countertop water ionizers.  This water is more accurately called electrolyzed reduced water (ERW); which is the naming convention which most commonly appears in articles in scientific literature to denote this water.  Such water, as produced at the cathodic pole via electrolysis in the water ionzers, does indeed exhibit an alkaline pH (poorly-buffered), but more importantly, it has an ORP of -150 (mildly reducing) to -850 (strongly reducing), indicating a high degree of reducing activity and strong presence of the H- ion.  This water from the cathode, or negative pole, of an ionizer, is often called "reduced water" due to its reducing, or antioxidant activity, and has been called "microwater" by some commercial vendors due to the fact that the water exhibits a smaller cluster size than "normal" water, due to the restructuring of the water from charge of the H- ions in their protective cages of water molecules.

Click here for a link to a page on this site containing further information on household and commercial water ionizers and their use for producing electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) for home consumption.

Click here for link to a page on this site which offers further notes on water ionizers (including  filtration), and high strength electrolyzed reduced water. This informational article offers further notes on countertop water ionizers, filtration of water in the ionizers, and consumption of alkaline or reduced electrolyzed water, including consumption of ultra-strong electrolyzed reduced water with an ORP stronger than -550 mv., and, in some cases, with an ORP stronger than -800 mv.
For more information on using ORP as an  imprecise correlate for reducing (antioxidant) activity, see the on-site page entitled: ORP and Some Myths About Reducing/Antioxidant Activity
 

H- donor supplements in powder and capsule form

MegaHydrin™ Caplets
For the past four years, a commercial product has also been available in powder and capsule form as a nutritional supplement.  This product is a unique silica hydride which stores the H- ion in a cage formed within a silica structure,  and is marketed commerically under the names MegaHydrin™ , Active H- ,  and more rarely, Flanagan Hydrogen Enhanced Silica , or "FHES".   NMR spectromeric analysis has conclusively proven the existence of the hydride ion in this product.  This product was developed by scientist/inventor Patrick Flanagan, and the unique silica hydride mimics the way in which nature stores the H-ion in tiny rounded amorphous silica particles in glacial runoff streams from high-altitude glaciers.  Indeed, it has been theorized by more than one author that some of the excellent health and longevity exhibited by high mountain peoples (Villacambas, Hunzas) may be in part due to their ingestion  of this H-ion laden water (as well as to their primitive diet of unprocessed foods).  This silica-based product acts as a reservoir for the hydride ion, and releases it gradually over time after being exposed to water.  As such, it is able to store a much larger quantity of the H- ion in a given volume than can electrolyzed reduced water.  This offers the hydride ion in concentrated and gradual-release form, allowing easy transport while traveling, and elminating the need for machinery and tubes to produce water containing the H- ion.

There are some competing products on the market which claim to be successful imitators of  MegaHydrin™ , and which claim to also contain "silica hydride" and the elusive H-minus ion, but this author and other researchers of his acquaintance have not seen any convincing evidence of  silica hydride in any of these competing products yet tested.  interestingly, non has beenwilling to subject their products to NMR analysis by an independent laboratory to qualify and quantify the presence of the hydride ion.  It appears that getting silica to hold the hydride ion in a stable form for later release when exposed to water is an extremely delicate and tricky task, and it appears that no one other than Patrick Flanagan has yet mastered this technique.  It is rather widely known in the world of clustered water research that researchers in Japan and other countries are rather desperately trying to find ways of storing the negative hyrdogen ion in silica or other substances in order to make it bioavailable, if only for the tremendous financial incentive inherent in being able to market such a product to health-minded consumers.

Why Does So-Called Alkaline Ionized Water Seem to Improve Health? 
and Why Does So-Called Acidic Ionized Water Act As a Disinfectant?

The manufacturers and vendors of most brands of water ionizers claim that the so-called "alkaline ionized water", or "alkaline water" from their water ionizers improves health in a number of ways, and most of them attribute this benefit rather vaguely to the alkalinity of the water and it's supposed effects in "alkalininzing" the body.  Some vendors go even further and claim that the alkaline water will provide abundant quantities of calcium and other "alkalininzing" minerals for the body.  Finally, a rare few sources claim that the beneficial bio-effects of this water are really due to the presence of the negative hydrogen ion.

Likewise, many of the same vendors claim that the acid water from the ionizers has powerful disinfectant properties when used on skin, on plants and on surfaces to be cleaned, and most of them claim that this property is somehow due to the acidity of the water.  What is the reality?  Do alkaline water and acid water from ionizers really do what is claimed?  If so, how do they achieve those effets?  Click on the above on-site link to learn more!

Click here for a link to a page on this site containing further information on household and commercial water ionizers and their use for producing electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) for home consumption.

Click here for link to a page on this site which offers further notes on water ionizers (including  filtration), and high strength electrolyzed reduced water. This informational article offers further notes on countertop water ionizers, filtration of water in the ionizers, and consumption of alkaline or reduced electrolyzed water, including consumption of ultra-strong electrolyzed reduced water with an ORP stronger than -550 mv., and, in some cases, with an ORP stronger than -800 mv.
For more information on using ORP as an  imprecise correlate for reducing (antioxidant) activity, see the on-site page entitled: ORP and Some Myths About Reducing/Antioxidant Activity
 

If you want to get even more in-depth information on ERW and making it, especially in home-brew devices, than this page offers, I recommend first finishing this page, and then going to the oon-site page entitled Some Thoughts and Observations on Production of H-minus Ion Enriched-Water by Electrolysis

Lastly,  there are actually NUMEROUS other ways of creating H-minus ions in water, and without electricity/electrolysis, and often without the artificial corrollary of high alkalinity as well.  These methods yield water commonly referred to as "reduced water", or RW.  However, many of these methods really cannot get the H-minus concentration to a place where the resultant ORP is much stronger than -300 mv.  There are a few that can go much further. 
If you wish to know more about this topic, you may wish to check out my page on this site entitled  Means and Methods of Modifying the ORP and Particularly, the Reducing Potential, of Water

For more information on using ORP as an  imprecise correlate for reducing (antioxidant) activity, see the on-site page entitled: ORP and Some Myths About Reducing/Antioxidant Activity
 

Non-Electrolytic Means of Producing Reduced Water (RW)

Now, a teaser: there are actually NUMEROUS other ways of creating H-minus ions in water, and without electricity/electrolysis, and often without the artificial corrollary of high alkalinity as well.  These methods yield water commonly referred to as "reduced water", or RW.  However, many of these methods really cannot get the H-minus concentration to a place where the resultant ORP is much stronger than -300 mv.  There are a few that can go much further.

The Magic Jugs
There is one means I might mention.... I have some proprietary and developmental "Magic Jugs" here in my laboratory and in my kitchen, which use no electricity at all, and no complicated devices.  These are amber glass 1/2 gallon jugs, with a special active substance in the bottom (the substance usually lasts for years before needing replacement; I have three magic jugs which have been wrokng non-stop for three years, and the active material has lost only 5% of it's weight.)  I fill the jugs with tap water (non-chlorinated), and in 24 hours, I have reduced water (RW) with an ORP of -435 or lower.  If you wish to learn more about the magic jugs, please click here to go to a page on this site with more details.

Mixed Microbial Cultures Containing Phototrophic Organisms
I have been able to take tap water, add a bit of molasses and a bit of a powerful microbial culture, mix them all in a cheap flimsy plastic gallon jug (the type in which spring water is sold), and within 26 hours the water will show an ORP of about -440, and, better yet (if you understand the implications of Nernst's Equation), at a pH of 4.3!  Indeed, the same jugs can yield water with an ORP stronger than -470 at a pH of 4.3 within 48 hours of filling and mixing.  Now, the reality is that this extremely powerful relative hydrogen score does not last for long -- the brew quickly evolves as the micorbes convert most of the ligher-weight hydride antioxidants to more complex, higher molecular weight biochemical antioxidants, all of which are in raw live-food form.  This microbial inoculant culture I have been using has been proven by researchers to also produce a wide range of other powerful nutrients (for humans and animals) and antioxdiants as well. 

The product I use is called EM microbial Inoculant.  This is a generic shorthand name for a powerful microbial culture, also known as Effective Microorganisms or Efficient Microbes (EM)™, which was first evolved in Japan, and refers to a very special and unique microbial inoculant culture which has become known worldwide and has found uses in a number of different fields and areas of human endeavors.  It is likely safe to say that the single largest area of EM utility is in farming (agriculture), and even moreso within the realms of organic farming, sustainable farming, eradication of soil-borne and water-borne toxins, grass-fed farming and so-called beyond-organic, uber-organic, super-organic or biological farming.  However, EM has also found applications in protecting building materials (wood, plaster, sheetrock, rock, concrete, insulation; architects call EM "building friendly"), waste water treatment, and in many other diverse areas as well.  EM consists of about 15  individual speciesof microorganisms, including bacteria, photosynthetic (aka phototropic) organisms and yeast, all in a synergistic and cooperative "community".   These organisms belong to any of  several families and several genera.  The creators of EM have stated many times that all the organisms are fully natural, and are commonly found almost everywhere in nature (but not necessarily in such quantity , balance or relationship as found in EM.

If you wish to learn more about these EM organisms, and their many uses, including preparation of antioxidant-rich and hydride-ion antioxidant rich probiotic beverages, please click here to see an off-site 6-page cluster of web pages on EM created by the current author.
 

For a brief tutorial on the Relative Hydrogen Score, or rH score, please see the on-site page devoted to that topic! rH score is an absolute measure of hydrogen reducing power (and of oxidizing power) which is independent of changes in pH, and which is calculated from measures of ORP and pH.

Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) measured in millivolts (mv.) on a scale from -1,200 (most strongly reducing) to +1,200 (most strongly oxidizing).   A reading at or below approximately zero (0) strongly, although indirectly, indicates an increasing concentration of the negative hydrogen ion.  For example, a reading of -800 mv. would often indicate a strongly reducing solution, often with strong antioxidant properties, and could indicate the presence of large amounts of H-minus ions in the solution.  However, notice that this is a "sometimes" correlation which  does not always hold true in either direction.  Thus, a water solution of a compound with a strongly negative ORP may show no reducing and antioxidant activity, and a water solution (of certain compounds dissolved in the water) with  strong antioxidant (reducing) activity may show a modestly positive ORP.  Luckily, there are many ancilary tests available to quickly determine whether strong reducing activity is also present.
For more on this topic, see the on-site page entitled: ORP and Some Myths About Reducing/Antioxidant Activity

Ion selective electrodes (ISE)

Antioxidant activity in vitro

Electron detachment due to laser photoexcitation

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) -- this is rapidly evolving as the simplest, most robust and reliable, and most sure-fire method of detecting the presence of any species of the hydride ion at any and all energy levels or storage levels (hydride ions can be configured in any of several ways in water, silica and other compounds, allowing differing and discrete energy levels.)

UV Spectrophotometry

ESR (Electron Spin Resonance), related to NMR, above

X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) , while it will not directly detect the H-minus ion, is often used to examine the structure of compounds which may act as functional hydrides to store the H-minus ion.

Despite early beliefs in the field of inorganic chemistry that  H- would be exceedlingly rare and exceedingly short-lived at standard temperatures and pressures (room temperature and pressure, or STP), it appears that H- can exist quite stably, usually in a protective cage or cluster in water in all three of its most common phases: liquid, vapor and ice.  When present in such a form, it usually reduces average cluster size of the  short-lived clusters which form in water, and may also prolong cluster mean half-life as well, due to the negative charge carried by the H- ion.  As we have seen above, H- can also form semi-permanent bonds with silica and other minearls in nature and in the laboratory as well.

We have already established that H- is often called the primal antioxidant or primeval antioxidant due to its primitive sturcture, tiny size, tiny molecular weight, and the fact that it is able to be formed in purely physical or gelogical settings (e.g., no life forms present).  Was there a significant amount of H- in the primeval seas, or the so-called "primordial soup" in which life is theorized to have evolved on this planet?  The answer is an almost unequivoal "yes".  Due to the thinner atmosphere, absence of an ozone layer, and other charactersitics of the early atmosphere which would have allowed much higher incidence of cosmic rays, a more porous crust of the planet allowing faster and more voluminous diffusion of H and H- from the planet's core to the surface, along with frequent volcanic activity and high frequency of lightning, it is likely that the primitive sea (primeval sea) or primordial soup exhibited a high concentration of the H- ion, making it the intital and primal antioxidant in that milieu as well.
 

Note: This section is still being written and will be expanded as time passes!

Click here to go to the Links page for this site!

For some quick links, also see below:

From the viewpoint of living beings and their nutritional needs, the negative hydrogen ion is mainly found in nature as an antioxidant nutrient in raw, unprocessed foods and in  unprocessed water from certain wild sources.  The RawPaleoDiet website, at http://rawpaleodiet.vpinf.com, is an educational site on the Raw Paleolithic Diet, a diet high in this primal antioxidant nutrient.  The site covers all aspects of raw foods diets which include raw animal foods, and includes a comprehensive overview of over 40 systems and books which promote such diets.  Includes a comparison of the most popular systems.

A microbial inoculant named EM, also known as Effective Microorganisms or Efficient Microbes (EM)™,  was mentioned several times on this site. This culture which was first evolved in Japan, in a very special and unique microbial inoculant culture which has become known worldwide and has found uses in a number of different fields and areas of human endeavors. It is likely safe to say that the single largest area of EM utility is in farming (agriculture), and even moreso within the realms of organic farming, sustainable farming, eradication of soil-borne and water-borne toxins, grass-fed farming and so-called beyond-organic, uber-organic, super-organic or biological farming.  EM consists of about 15  individual species of microorganisms, including bacteria, photosynthetic (aka phototropic) organisms and yeast, all in a synergistic and cooperative "community". To learn more about these EM organisms and their many uses, including preparation of antioxidant-rich and hydride-ion antioxidant rich probiotic beverages, please click here to see an off-site 6-page cluster of web pages on EM created by the curent author.

For some highly effective tools and techniques for opening the heart, becoming more free, creating the life you want, and reaching greater spiritual freedom, please check out my HeartRelease website, at http://www.heartrelease.com !

The Divine-Heart website, at http://www.divine-heart.org, shares information about the heart-centered spiritual healing work of Vinny Pinto, the author of this site.  This healing work involves no contact (called "non-contact" or nonlocal) and is often done remotely.  It may seem odd that Vinny, who has trained as a scientist and researcher (and also as an electronics engineer and astrophysicist), and who is also a raw foods educator,  would also offer spiritual healing, but he also has a very strong training background in meditative disciplines, spiritual pursuits, acupuncture and energy healing.   However, he now offers non-contact (remote) spiritual healing, and feels that it is this work (even more than his research work or raw foods educational work) which most "makes his heart sing".

To learn more about Vinny, his informational websites and the various services which he offers, please feel free to check out the Vinny Pinto Home Base (Directory) website, at http://www.vinnypinto.us
 
 

MegaHydrin™  and MegaH™ are registered trademarks owned by Flantech Group.
Efficient Microbes (EM)™ is a registered trademark owned by Sustainable Community Development (SCD)